Raphael, Steven (2009) “The Impact of Incarceration on the Employment Outcomes of Former Inmates: Policy Options for Fostering Self-Sufficiency and an Assessment of the Cost-Effectiveness of Current Corrections Policy," in Heinrich, Carolyn J., and Karl Sholz (eds) Making the Work-Based Safety Net Work Better: Forward Looking Policies to Help Low-Income Families, Russell Sage Foundation, NY, pp 185-226.